Effect of Media Exposure to Language Development

PURPOSE: This study was performed in order to evaluate the association of media exposure with language developmental delay. METHODS: The sample consisted of 40 patients with language developmental delay who visited the pediatric clinic of Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital from January 2013 to July 2014. The 66 patients, who visited our clinic without language developmental delay, were included in the control group. The data were collected by using self-report questionnaires (media exposure time, contents, background media or foreground media, age of first exposure, and media exposure with or without parents), and analyzed through a t-test, Chi-square test, bivariate logistic regression model by using the SPSS-Version 21.0. RESULTS: The mean age of the language delay group was 33.6±10 months, while the male-to-female ratio was 2.6:1 in this study. In regard to media exposure time, 63% of the language delay patients were exposed to media for more than 2 hours a day, as compared to 16% of the control group (P<0.001). Among the language delay group, 90% of the patients were under 24 months old at the time of exposure to media, as compared to 58% of the control group (P<0.001). In addition, 79% of the language delay group watched media without anyone, as compared to 41% of the control group (P=0.001). CONCLUSION: Risk factors of language developmental delay were exposure to media more than 2 hours a day and toddlers under 24 months old at the time of exposure, as compared to the control group. In conclusion, longer exposure and earlier exposure to media would be risk factors in language developmental delay, and watching media alone may negatively influence the language development.

Effect of Media Exposure to Language Development

PURPOSE: This study was performed in order to evaluate the association of media exposure with language developmental delay. METHODS: The sample consisted of 40 patients with language developmental delay who visited the pediatric clinic of Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital from January 2013 to July 2014. The 66 patients, who visited our clinic without language developmental delay, were included in the control group. The data were collected by using self-report questionnaires (media exposure time, contents, background media or foreground media, age of first exposure, and media exposure with or without parents), and analyzed through a t-test, Chi-square test, bivariate logistic regression model by using the SPSS-Version 21.0. RESULTS: The mean age of the language delay group was 33.6±10 months, while the male-to-female ratio was 2.6:1 in this study. In regard to media exposure time, 63% of the language delay patients were exposed to media for more than 2 hours a day, as compared to 16% of the control group (P<0.001). Among the language delay group, 90% of the patients were under 24 months old at the time of exposure to media, as compared to 58% of the control group (P<0.001). In addition, 79% of the language delay group watched media without anyone, as compared to 41% of the control group (P=0.001). CONCLUSION: Risk factors of language developmental delay were exposure to media more than 2 hours a day and toddlers under 24 months old at the time of exposure, as compared to the control group. In conclusion, longer exposure and earlier exposure to media would be risk factors in language developmental delay, and watching media alone may negatively influence the language development.

Assessment of Cell Viability in Umbilical Cord Blood by Using 7-AAD/annexin V Dual Staining

BACKGROUND: The quality of cord blood largely depends on cell viability. Viability assessments using trypan blue or 7-aminoactinomycin (7-AAD) staining, which are commonly used methods, may not reflect early apoptosis of cord blood cells. We aimed to investigate early apoptosis in cord blood cells following elapsed time after collection using double staining with annexin V and 7-AAD and to compare the result with that of viability evaluation using trypan blue or 7-AAD staining. METHODS: Umbilical cord blood samples were obtained from 30 pregnant women at the time of delivery between July 2012 and March 2013. Viability of cord blood cells was determined at 0 (T0), 24, and 48 hr after collection by using trypan blue exclusion assay, 7-AAD staining, and 7-AAD/annexin V staining. RESULTS: Viabilities defined by 7-AAD/annexin V staining at T0, 24, and 48 hr after collection were respectively as follows: total nucleated cells, 92.8+/-4.5%, 78.4+/-7.8%, and 65.5+/-8.1%; mononuclear cells, 94.4+/-1.7%, 90.8+/-4.2%, and 84.2+/-6.7%; and CD34-positive cells, 92.4+/-3.0%, 90.7+/-4.7%, and 89.3+/-7.0%. The viability using trypan blue was more than 90% until 48 hr after collection. CONCLUSIONS: The mean viability of total nucleated cells using 7-AAD/annexin V staining decreased to less than 80% at 24 hr after collection; however, the viability of CD34-positive cells was more than 85% until 48 hr. Our study's data will provide useful information for the assessing the quality of cord blood products.

Visual Perception of ADHD Children with Sensory Processing Disorder

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to investigate the visual perception difference between ADHD children with and without sensory processing disorder, and the relationship between sensory processing and visual perception of the children with ADHD. METHODS: Participants were 47 outpatients, aged 6-8 years, diagnosed with ADHD. After excluding those who met exclusion criteria, 38 subjects were clustered into two groups, ADHD children with and without sensory processing disorder (SPD), using SSP reported by their parents, then subjects completed K-DTVP-2. Spearman correlation analysis was run to determine the relationship between sensory processing and visual perception, and Mann-Whitney-U test was conducted to compare the K-DTVP-2 score of two groups respectively. RESULTS: The ADHD children with SPD performed inferiorly to ADHD children without SPD in the on 3 quotients of K-DTVP-2. The GVP of K-DTVP-2 score was related to Movement Sensitivity section (r=0.368*) and Low Energy/Weak section of SSP (r=0.369*). CONCLUSION: The result of the present study suggests that among children with ADHD, the visual perception is lower in those children with co-morbid SPD. Also, visual perception may be related to sensory processing, especially in the reactions of vestibular and proprioceptive senses. Regarding academic performance, it is necessary to consider how sensory processing issues affect visual perception in children with ADHD.